India’s debate on a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) centres on balancing religious freedom with legal equality. Articles 25–26 protect religious practices, while Article 44 encourages uniform civil laws. Personal laws govern marriage, inheritance, and more, but can conflict with equality under Article 14, especially regarding gender rights. Supporters say a UCC promotes gender justice, legal uniformity, and secularism. Opponents fear erosion of religious autonomy and cultural diversity. Courts back reform but urge sensitivity and gradual change. Scholars recommend an inclusive, phased approach that respects pluralism while advancing equality, reflecting India’s unique constitutional and social fabric.
