Euthanasia laws vary worldwide, with some countries allowing active euthanasia or assisted suicide under strict rules, while others permit only withdrawal of life support. Europe, Canada, and parts of the U.S. have expanded legal access, often with strong safeguards. In India, courts have led the way: the 2011 Aruna Shanbaug case allowed passive euthanasia, and the 2018 Common Cause ruling recognized the right to die with dignity and living wills. In 2023, procedures were simplified. Experts suggest India should pass clear legislation to regulate end-of-life care, balancing autonomy, ethics, and safeguards.
