India’s gig economy has grown rapidly, employing millions in app-based and freelance work. The Code on Social Security, 2020 is the first law to recognize gig workers and extend social security through schemes covering insurance, health, and pensions. States like Rajasthan have added welfare measures, and workers can register on the e-Shram portal. However, low registration, unclear definitions, weak funding, fragmented governance, and lack of employment rights remain major challenges. Courts are addressing safety and classification issues, while the ILO promotes global best practices. Stronger laws, platform contributions, and clear protections are needed for lasting impact.
